Ha Long Essay Example for Free

Ha Long Essay A customer buys products based on their look and the quality inside . This is an example of how tourists choose their tourist destination and I have a wonderful destination that everyone should come once time in their life Ha Long . Ha Long is one of seven nature wonders of the world. Visiting Ha Long bay, you can experience the diversity of natural views, from sandy beaches to thousand year old rocky mountains. Why should you choose Ha Long bay to visit ? The word Ha Long in Vietnamese means the dragon descends into the sea and he legend says that the island of Ha Long was created by a great dragon who lived in the mountain, it sounds very interesting. First, I will let you know about the wonderful scenery. When you come to Ha Long, you can just describe as a wow , from great father mountain to thousand year old caves, from sandy beach to diving to discover the sea . Ha Long bay will lead you from one surprise to another. Beside that, Ha Long has had a particularly significant position because of its location o​n the important communication and trade route between China, Japan and Thailand , so you can see the great combination of culture of four countries. What will you do when you come to Ha Long bay ? As I said, Ha Long is a great combination of scenary and culture , so there are so many trips that take you to experience the beauty and culture of Ha Long . You will visit Ha Long on a cruise , which is called cruise tour that will lead you visit all places in Ha Long , it looks like you are mixing with the natural , beauty of sea , mountains and caves .Come to Ha Long bay, you will have agreat opportunity to get experience about life on water , which means people live all their life on water , we call that fishing village on the sea. you can also enjoy the fresh seafood, from shrimp, fish, jelly fish to many kinds of seafood that you have never eaten and if you want to cook for yourself , you can do it . Especially , you can try a famous dish of Ha Long jelly fish noodle . I promise that Ha Long bay is a value trip that you should try , the friendly traditional of people in Ha Long , the wonderful lanscape. Imagine you are walking up in the beautiful sunshine amid the rock, islets and caves and see  the view of Ha Long bay on the top of the mountain will give you a bird-eye view on the bay. I promise that no place in the world has the wonderful view like Ha Long bay. The experience from one to another will lead you to many surprises, the culture, the landscape, cuisine of Ha Long bay . Do not procrastinate , come to Ha Long and enjoy a wonderful gift of nature.

The Issues Surrounding the Amazon Rainforest Essay -- Environmental Am

The Issues Surrounding the Amazon Rainforest   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The battle for the Amazon rainforest is a daunting task. It’s a long going battle between miners, loggers, and developers against the indigenous people who call it home. It’s a battle like any battle in a war; it affects lives, families, the economy, politics, and the environment amongst other things. The main topic of this debate is the effects of the Amazon deforestation on the people who live in it, this will be the focus of this research paper. In this paper, I will discuss the history, causes, effects and solutions for the Amazon rainforest deforestation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The environmental problems of today started a long time ago, before automobiles, electricity, and the Industrial Revolution. From ancient times to present day, humans have changed the world in which they live. As population increase and technology advances, more significant and widespread problems arise. The Amazon rainforest has not been spared from this. The Amazon region has long been seen as a land of great riches. â€Å"Early Europeans and others have long been fascinated by the Amazon, with early visions of a land of gold, the legend of ‘El Dorado’† (Faminow 32). The European invasion bought with it the increased population and new technologies that had a drastic effect to the Amazonian region, which was once considered safe from exploitation. This problem has continued to the present, with higher consequences. Ehrlich explains, â€Å"today, unprecedented demands on the environment from a rapidly expanding human population and from advan cing technology are causing a continuing and accelerated decline in the quality of the environment and it’s ability to sustain life† (98). As a result, the Amazon rainforest is being destroyed at an alarming rate, affecting all those that live in the region.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To understand the scope of the changes taking place, Howard Facklam has come up with some staggering statistics, he says, â€Å"it was estimated at one point in the 1980’s that the Amazon basin was being cleared at the rate of 50 acres a minute; another estimate put the rate at 78,000 square miles per hear† (53). These are astronomical numbers when you come to think of it, to put it into perspective, that’s roughly the size of the state of Idaho. Such deforestation has an alarming affect, â€Å"it means the loss of a multiplicity of products: Food, fibers, medicine... ...e papers about it. It doesn’t mean that the problem has gone away, it’s still very much alive. It’s just not getting the coverage and attention it has before and that’s where the shame lies. People need to know about this, the more the better. It’s a valuable resource that mankind cannot afford to lose. Bibliography Ehrlich, Anne et al. Earth. New York: Watts. 2007. Facklam, Howard. Plants: Extinction or Survival?. New Jersey: Enslow. 2000. Faminow, Merle D. Cattle, Deforestation, and Development in the Amazon. New York: CAB International. 2002. Gradwohl, Judith & Russel Greenburg. Saving the Tropical Forests. Washington D.C.. Island Press. 2003. Hecht, Susanna. The Fate of the Forest. London. 2001. Hornaday, Anne. â€Å"Earth’s Threatened Resources.† Congressional Quarterly. 2 Sept.   2003: 28-29. Linden, Eugene. â€Å"Paradise Lost?† Time. 19 July 2000: 50-51. Smith, Duane A. â€Å"My Trip to the Rain Forest.† Mining America: The Industry and The Environment. 3 Sept. 2001: 66. Stewart, Douglas Ian. After the Trees. Austin: University of Texas Press: 2004. Tropical Deforestation: the human dimension. Ed. Leslie E. Sponsel. New York: Columbia UP. 2006.

Dehumanization in Slavery based on Accounts from Clotel

William Wells Brown warns us that slavery does not only victimize the weak and blacks. In his novel, he points out that â€Å"no one is safe† from slavery, whether â€Å"white or black† (Schweninger 23). In the face of this fact, it seem ironic that the country that is now called the â€Å"land of the free† and â€Å"home of the brave† was once a country where slaves were sold and treated almost with cold blood (Schweninger 23). Indeed, no one is safe, for even a president’s daughter has been sold to be a slave. What could be more painful than to be parted from your beloved and your daughter and be sold as a slave, knowing that your daughter would be treated as ill as a servant? This is the Calvary that Clotel had to bear as a slave, though she was, by popular lore, a daughter of the president. And if it were true that she was indeed a daughter of the president (Schweninger 28), would it not be more painful on her part, knowing that she was the daughter of the most powerful man in country, yet she had to be a slave and a concubine? The very thought of this situation dehumanizes Gods masterpiece. There is a rich literature about Brown’s novel, both digital and printed. Most of them bank on the cruelty of slavery. Articlemyriad. com reminds the readers that the novel is fiction, but description of slavery with all its vividness in the accounts of the characters’ lives is true. It can be well understood how something fictitious can capture the truth behind every word and expression. The writer himself was once a slave, and in fact, the first part of the novel is a biographical account of how he escaped slavery (Analysis and Themes 1). Hence, we see slavery, not in the eyes of someone who has just seen it, but someone who had been a slave, someone who had as firsthand experience of the dehumanizing treatment to slaves. It is not, however, the hard work that Brown resents, but the fact that humans, free or slave are not to be sold (Schweninger 22). At this juncture, it is important to focus more on the historicity of the accounts in the novel. As Articlemyriad. com points out, the novel is fiction, but the accounts are real. No president of the United States would have had a slave daughter, but the experiences of the characters in the novel, from the most â€Å"optimistic† to the most â€Å"pessimistic† were not products of imagination (Analysis and Themes 3). As Clotel became a mistress, and was sold, later tried to escape and then commit suicide in despair, Brown was showing a concrete example of what happened to slaves. It was not their fault to be born as mulatto or black or yellow skin, but they faced the discrimination and social prejudice and stereotyping. One example of this stereotyping is stated in the website mentioned. Society does not frown upon the man who sits with his mulatto child upon his knee whilst its mother stands a slave behind his chair† (Brown 55). We can see from this statement that there is something bout being a mulatto child and a slave mother. A slave, though mother of the master’s child, remains to be a slave and does not seem to have the right to be wife, and only has the right to be a mistress, a whore. If a white were mother to child of a master, then the master would have to marry her in most cases, of the master would have to face suit, but slaves had no liberty to fight for their rights no matter how disgraced they have been. Though the article points out that the novel is fiction, it gives way to Brown’s claims that the novel is â€Å"no fiction† (Analysis and Themes 2), for it is â€Å"founded in truth† (Analysis and Themes 2). The truthfulness of accounts in the novel is what the other two articles by Schweninger and Giulla, although Giulla’s accounts are rather more focused on the language of the blacks. Schweninger puts forth that in as much as the events in the novel could have taken place to slaves; the accounts in the novel were not historically accurate as far as chronology of events is concerned. She mentions several inconsistencies in the chronology of events, one of which is the impossibility of Clotel’s birth in 1798 and â€Å"have her mother witness the 1842 burning when her daughter was only 16† (Schweninger 27). Therefore, according to Schweninger, the point of Brown is not to make a accurate historical account (although he told the readers that the novel is not fiction), but to stress the inhumane treatment to slaves, especially to African Americans and the mulatto. In fact, in the preface of the novel, Brown states â€Å"Were it not for persons in high places owning slaves†¦ Slavery would have long been abolished. (Schweninger iv). And who were these persons in high places? Brown identifies them as â€Å"professed Christians† who give the system (slavery) â€Å"a reputation† (Schweninger iv). Schweninger suggests that the â€Å"undercutting of the chronology of events stresses that it is not the chronology that is important in the no vel but the universality of the topic and slavery in any year or era would have been the same† (Schweninger iv). The people would have suffered just as much and the abusers would have abused the slaves just as much. And as Brown has said, slavery remained not condemned, because the people who had the power to stop it knew its evil but did not want to lose their slaves. They would be hurt in material loses. The battle cry of Brown is not for people to be freed from work. Everyone has to work, but no one deserves to be sold as a slave. Schweninger traces the story of Clotel to another popular lore called Child, where Clotel was originally named Rosalie. She attests that the story of Child was copied word for word except for some insertions by the Brown to express his political views (Schweninger 28). For instance, Scweninger narrates, when Clotel urged the master to move from one place to another, Brown inserted some statements that would highlight the anti-slavery theme of the novel. So, in the original text from Child, the line says â€Å"the slave mistress urged her master ‘to remove to France or England (Scweninger 64)†, but in the text of Brown, there is the insertion â€Å"where both her child would be free and where colour was not a crime (Brown 85). Horatio, the master responded to this suggesting her why not reamin her mistress even after he got married. To this, Brown added a text saying, â€Å"True, she was his slave; bones, and sinews had been purchased by his gold, yet she had the heart of a true woman† (Brown 112). Schweninger also points out that Brown inserted Clotel’s consideration of remaining as a mistress a criminal act (Schweninger 28). Another important matter about the novel is the choice of places to mention. Schweninger confirms the accuracy of the accounts in the place where Currer (Clote’s mother) was – Natchez (Schweninger 29). It was a place, according to Buckingham (from Schweninger 29) where gambling and all sorts of vices were rampant, but most especially, it was a place where people were cruel to slaves. Hence, it was also the site where a runaway slave was burned. Another place mentioned that can be noted for accuracy is Richmond, where Clotel’s daughter was sold. Richmond was, according to Marie Tyler-McGraw (in Schweninger 29) the center of slave trade. It was a powerful place, then, primarily because it was the center of slave brokerage. However, there was some mistake in Brown’s choice for the time when Clotel was caught in Richmond. According to Schweninger, Clotel could not have been caught during the time of the Turner uprising in 1831, because she was mentioning names of presidential candidates of 1839 (Schweninger 30). Yet, Schweninger argues that this â€Å"misplacement† is of no importance because what was being pointed out here was the she was accused of being a part of the uprising and that was why she was hiding in disguise (Schweninger 30. ). It clear here that Brown’s intention is to show that slaves, too, are humans, capable of upholding morality, and want to uphold morality. They want to do what is right and to be in a place where they can be free, but the people who hold them captives refuse to let them do what they believe is right. Slaves are capable of love and reason, but all that the people who own them see in them is flesh and blood, not human beings with a soul, heart and mind. They were treated as properties and not as members of the society. I believe it pays to go back to Brown’s own words that the institutionalization and rationalization of slavery stated with the people on top, so to stop slavery, then the â€Å"guilt† should be â€Å"fastened† to the people in the â€Å"higher circle† (Brown iv). When Horatio got married, his wife saw Clotel as a threat so she had her sold. She tried to escape by disguising herself many times. She so got caught by the slave hunters and later committed suicide. This is seen by Articlemyriad. om as the evidence of the idea that the novel does not present optimism or pessimism in whole (Analysis and Themes 1). There were optimistic moments such as those when she was able to escape, yet she still wound up dead by her own will. However, another critique sees the disguises done by Clotel in a different way. Berthold sees every change in costume as a representation of the adversities that Clotel had to face as a female slave (Berthold 19). Guilla argues that male s were connotative for slaves then, so any woman portrayed as a slave would be something new in literature. So, in Berthold’s explanations, he points out that each time Clotel changes costume, there was something to show about the society and something about her personality and slavery (Berthold 19), even making reference to Brown in the 1880 My Southern Home, â€Å"Extravagance in dress, is a great and growing evil with our people† (Brown 232). For instance, most of Clotel’s disguises were as a white male, just to get out of the situation she was in. It is shown here how people are also judged by their clothing, and so goes with the stereotyping, the gender roles and the power in the gender role. So, if we look into the disguises that Clotel had, she first disguised herself as Mr. Johnson, then as an Italian or Spanish. She actually faced more danger when she disguised herself because she was wearing the shoes of someone whose roles she was not familiar with. When she disguised as a Spanish or Italian, the tension must have been great for she had to speak Italian or Spanish if ever any Spanish or Italian spoke to her. It also, then put her life in danger. Yet, the dangerous attempt got her what she wanted. However, in the end, when she committed suicide, Berthold saw this as â€Å"undisguising† herself, one that ascertained freedom for her, for she died as herself, not as anyone else (Berthold 30). Giulla sees the arrangement of the plot as a product of the author’s effort to expose the life of a community of slaves and need â€Å"to structure the fictional text around the evolution of the individual fate (Guilla 639)† and in so doing, explain the shifts from romance to realism in a exhaustively detailed depiction of slavery and the made-up â€Å"re-unions of long lost relatives and lovers (Guilla 639). If we examine the novel, the members of the family were separated because they were sold to different masters and had different fates. They must have yearned to be with each other as a mother wants to be with her daughter and a daughter with her mother, but the cruelty of slavery kept them from being together, even to the point of their death. This brings us back t o the pessimistic ending that Articlemyriad is talking about. In fact, when one is a slave, what optimism can pone really expect, but a life of hard work and subhuman treatment unless, of course one meets an extraordinary master. But even in the case Clotel, she had romance with Horatio, but the man did not consider his affair with her as something valuable, for if he did, he would have agreed to take her to France or England. We now go back to what I said earlier that slaves were seen as flesh and blood but not as humans with soul and mind. Brown’s style in writing the novel presents and extraordinary mixture of fact and fiction. The story is based on a popular lore that the people then knew, yet he gave it a different touch that made the people understand what was going on. Instead of using male slaves as heroes in the story to enable them to engage in physical confrontations and rebellions, Brown used the female slave to show the beauty and morality behind the mulatto and blacks, that though they were slaves, they had good hearts, and they were good people capable of love and ion need of love, especially in need of love. A show of rebellion could have shown what the society would be if slavery continued, but that was something that was expected to happen (although he made a novel end with a civil war). Brown deemed it more important to show, not the violence that will rise if slavery does not stop, but the impact of slavery to the lives of the people who had been being treated as animals for decades and even centuries by people who profess that they are Christians. To this, it makes a reference to the situation when Clotel disguised herself as Spanish or Italian. These people are known for their devotion in Catholicism. Here, I want to point out that the people who profess that they love God are also the ones who have been showing cruelty to the weak. They were actually hypocrites in a time when religion was strictly followed. We can see from the accounts mentioned by Schweninger that Brown had good accounts in geographical locations, but seems to have had some problems with historical accuracy. However, whether he had problems with chronology of events or he intended them to be such to stress certain points (like in the case of Clotel’s capture during the Turner uprising), his work remains to be a living testament of what happened to the blacks and mulattos in the United States. His work remains to be a loud cry during his time, transcending the boundaries of time to portray the evils of slavery. After all that the blacks and mulattos have experienced, they only deserve to have a part in the land once said to be flowing with milk and honey. The land of opportunity belongs, not only to the whites but also the clacks, and their children. Clotel is a literary treasure, not only to the blacks, but also to the world. It is a legacy, which through it history-based narrative has shown the plight of people in a certain place at a certain point of time. It can be considered a dark age of history, but it is also proof that whenever there is something wrong, the right will also shine.

Essay about Gender Stereotypes Among Childrens Toys

Gender Stereotypes Among Childrens Toys When you walk into the toy section of any store, you do not need a sign to indicate which section is the girls’ side and which section is the boys’ side. Aside from all the pink, purple, and other pastel colors that fill the shelves on the girls’ side, the glitter sticks out a lot as well. The boys’ toys however are mostly dark colors – blue, black, red, gray, or dark green. The colors typically used on either side are very stereotypical in themselves. I noticed the girls’ toys engaged fine motor skills more than the boys’ toys did. The girls have several different types and sizes of dolls to choose from – however, this also makes dolls or items used with dolls (Barbie clothes,†¦show more content†¦The boys’ toys mostly all used gross motor skills. Like the dolls in the girls’ section, the boys have equally as many types of cars or other vehicles to choose from. The boys’ side consisted of mainly three categories all together – 1) action figures, 2) â€Å"role† toys (guns – â€Å"Cops and Robbers† or â€Å"Cowboys and Indians†; ax, helmet, and badge – fireman; and miniature tools for pretending to be a construction worker) 3) cars. I discovered there weren’t really any toys in the boys’ section that didn’t fit in one of these three categories. All the boys toys were very stereotypical. The extreme concentration of cars in the boys’ toys shows the stereotypical attitude that all boys like cars. The toys that weren’t car related all promoted either an aggressive behavior or â€Å"manly† job. Like the girls’ section, very few toys didn’t promote a stereotypical idea. Few toys were aimed equally at both genders. Even board games, while intended for both sexes, usually seemed aimed more towards one gender or another. Both sections had a lot of gender- stereotypical toys. General ideas on girls’ and boys’ behaviors and interests were very prevalent in the toys intended for each gender. After really looking at the toys in both sections it is easy to understand why stereotypical ideas about both genders are so strong since these ideas are introduced at such a youngShow MoreRelatedToys And What They Signify994 Words   |  4 PagesToys and what they signify, which is the free expression of play among children, should be as open and diverse as possible.† (Dubois 2015) Specifically looking at girl stereotypes, toys targeted towards them are packaged in pink, purple and other bright colors of the rainbow. The most popular toys in this demographic are brands like Bratz, Barbie, or Disney Princesses. These dolls can push boundaries on how suggestive their marketing can get. Bratz dolls are usually dressed in skimpy clothing andRead MoreEssay on Gender Stereotype: Gender in The Toy Store1417 Words   |  6 Pagesyourself entering a toy department and noticing numerous diverse aisles. In one aisle, you encounter toys packaged in complementary and color triads colors that include building sets (such as â€Å"LEGO†, â€Å"LEGO Super Heroes†, and â€Å"Angry Birds†) and a wide selection of action figures—Spider Man, Transformers, The Dark Knight, Power Rangers, etc. In the next aisle, adjacent to the aisle with complementary and color triads colors, you find toys packaged in shades of pink and purple. These toys range from â €Å"HelloRead MoreThe Problem Among Kids Toys827 Words   |  4 Pages The Problem Among Kids Toys Having grown up with two brothers I was always around toys such as action figures and toy guns. I did not have a sister to play with, so I usually played with my brothers. When I played with them, I started to question why all of their toys were just for boys. Why was there not any women action figures or ones with feminine colors? Gender-stereotyped toys are prohibiting children from a range of skills. Kids preferences are cultured. This means they learn which colorsRead MoreToys as Role Models1114 Words   |  5 PagesToys as Role Models Judy Attfield, who holds a PhD in history and design, has written numerous articles in relation to design history. Her articles, often written in a formal and informative style, concentrate on parenting and family issues. Citing the differences in the maneuverability designs of Barbie and Action Man, which embody the stereotypical clichà © of feminine passivity and masculine activity respectively, â€Å"Barbie and Action Man: Adult toys for girls and boys, 1959-93† (P. Kirkham (EdRead MoreShould There Be Gender Specific Toy Aisles Lining The Rows?992 Words   |  4 PagesShould there be gender specific toy aisles lining the rows in stores? How much does this reassure the sociological idea of gender itself? Does putting restrictions on kids’ toy decisions effect them in a negative way? Research has shown that it is natural for kids to want to experiment with different toys and identities. Pushing kids into a box of what they can, or cannot play limits their true poten tial and imagination. Growing up, people can attest to the memory of them having gone to McDonald’sRead MoreGender Stereotyping : The Development Of Gender Stereotypes1565 Words   |  7 PagesVery few people understand the development of gender stereotyping and how it impacts the younger generation. Gender stereotypes are social expectations of how female and males should act. They are cultural interpretation about how females should be characterized as feminine and like pink, and how boys are stereotyped to be masculine and like the color blue. However, these stereotypes are not natural because they are socially constructed. Social construction is an idea or practice that a group ofRead MoreGender Socialization And Social Control1508 Words   |  7 Pageslarge, gender socialization is a major contributor to identity and self- concept. Gender therefore becomes a characteristic that defines other’s perceptions and evaluations of us. People come to manage gender along with aspects of other aspects of the self by making sure that we are acting in gender-appropriate way (Goffman, 1959, Libby). In itself, the self is a product of social forces and it emerges through socialization. Being that gender is a major function of one’s identity, stereotypes aboutRead MoreA Norm Is A Standard Behavior That Is Expected From A Group1130 Words   |  5 Pagesof what’s around them. Society must alter gender expectations and apply the same rules to both genders to change its mindset on gender norms and to stop rape culture. Altering gender norms at a young age will cause children to see the things they share rather than their differences. Gender norms have inequality between male and female. At a young age, children are taught the difference among themselves. Children can differentiate toys that one gender should play with. For example, girls gravitateRead MoreToys Are An Integral Part Of Our Childhood1671 Words   |  7 Pagesthem to conform to the assigned gender roles and stereotypes. This is mainly done in accordance to their choice of games and toys. Toys are an integral part of our childhood. In some ways, it is the one thing that people from all over the world share in common. As children, toys were a major source of our entertainment and social interaction. However, the booming population of children and the growth of toy industry has resulted in the commercialization of childhood. Toys have been an effective methodRead MoreWomen s Social And Mental Development1439 Words   |  6 Pagescharacters, but creates unrealistic and falsified interpretation of what it mean to be a specific gender. As a result, it can be seen that today’s modern western pop cultural, has become globalized into an industry of gender roles in which has transformed mainstream television, commercial ads, movies and toys. Stereotypical traits have been assigned to each gender and has become a significant problematic concern among adults in raising children. With the significant rise for entertainment in mainstream filmography

Spin Quantum Number Definition

The spin quantum number is the fourth quantum number, denoted by  s or ms. The spin quantum number indicates the orientation of the intrinsic angular momentum of an electron in an atom. It describes the quantum state of an electron, including its energy, orbital shape, and orbital orientation. The only possible values of a spin quantum number are  ½ or - ½ (sometimes referred to as spin up and spin down). The value of spin is a quantum state, not something so easily understood as the direction in which an electron spins! Sources Atkins, P.; de Paula, J. (2006). Physical Chemistry (8th ed.). W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-8759-8.Bertolotti, Mario (2004). The History of the Laser. CRC Press. pp. 150–153.Merzbacher, E. (1998). Quantum Mechanics (3rd ed.). John Wiley. p.430-1 ISBN 0-471-88702-1.

The Death Penalty Is A Form Of Capital Punishment Essay

The death penalty is a form of capital punishment which has been implemented in the judicial system for thousands of years, the popularity of which has fluctuated throughout the years. Over time, the public has generally been supportive of the use of the death penalty within the United States judicial system, where at one point almost all citizens were in favor of this form of capital punishment. However, in more recent years, the support for it has decreased and due to this it has become a less common form of punishment. The topic of the death penalty is one that has not been greatly discussed and debated, primarily because many citizens believe that many criminals deserve to die for committing the heinous crimes they are being punished for. But is that the question we should be asking? African-American lawyer, social justice activist, and professor Bryan Stevenson challenges this question and the injustice of the justice system as a whole in his TED talk, â€Å"We Need to Talk About an Injustice†. Stevenson is a lawyer who represents children and spends a majority of his time with clients on death row and within prisons, attempting to save his clients. He acknowledges the question of whether or not criminals deserve to die for their crimes, and identifies it to be a valid and reasonable question. He also acknowledges, however, that individuals should pay attention to the question of â€Å"is it in our power to kill these criminals†? He builds his argument around the apparentShow MoreRelatedDeath Penalty As A Form Of Capital Punishment895 Words   |  4 Pages In some states they practice death penalty as a form of capital punishment. The death penalty has been around since the country has been founded and is defined as the punishment of execution, a dministered to someone legally convicted of a capital crime. Legally there are only a number of ways one can be executed here in the U.S, those include; lethal injection, electrocution, gas chamber, hanging, and firing squad, with lethal injection being the most common form. For centuries people have arguedRead MoreThe Death Penalty As A Form Of Capital Punishment1917 Words   |  8 Pagesmerely denying another human the right to live. Death Penalty is a sentence where the state terminate the life of the convicted as a form of capital punishment. The death penalty is legal as well as long as it is imposed fairly. It is one has been an ongoing battle in the United States that raises some litigation issues regarding the effectiveness of counsel, the use of qualified juries, and the lengthy period in which offenders have to spend on death row while anticipating execution. However, in orderRead MoreWhy the Death Penalty is Ineffective1552 Words   |  6 PagesWhy the Death Penalty is Ineffective The society constantly tries to reason with an effective way to respond to violence. Differences in opinion on the use of death as punishment arise from differences in religious, ethical, cultural, and morale perspectives. The role of death as a punishment for an offence has not been solved today, and remains a dilemma for the citizenrys political, legal, social, and religious thought. This is because an answer to the question is the death penalty effectiveRead MoreCapital Punishment Of The United States961 Words   |  4 Pages Capital Punishment in the United States For centuries, capital punishment has been used as a consequence of capital crime. Criminals who have committed such crimes are subject to facing the death penalty. Pickens shares, â€Å"Capital crimes are considered to be treason or terrorist attacks against the government, crimes against property when life is threatened, and crimes against a person that may include murder, assault, and robberyRead MorePros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1348 Words   |  6 Pagesmethods of punishment on lawbreakers and criminals. These include jail time, community service, paroles, fines, and the most shocking, the death penalty. The death penalty, also referred to as capital punishment, was first introduced in the form of hanging hundreds of years ago when America was first established. Now, the most common way of execution proves to be death by lethal injection. For hundreds of years, people have argued over whether or not the general idea of capital punishment stands morallyRead MoreThe Truth About The Death Penalty973 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Truth About The Death Penalty†, Carina Kolodny argues that the death penalty should be abolished in all fifty states due to the fact that it is ineffective and very expensive. Kolodny believes that capital punishment has too many complications and variables that cause it be more of an issue than a real solution for capital offenses. She proposes that the death penalty should be dropped and exchanged for better programs such as Proposition 34, which replaces capital punishment for a sentence ofRead More Capital Punishment Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pagesexpression, â€Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth† has become the basis for this political debate over the past several decades --- capital punishment. In society today, many people are murdered every day by the hands of another human being. Those who are for capital punishment promote that it is a deterrent for crime, provides closure, and is a moral p unishment for those who choose to take a human life. Those not in favor of it argue that it is an ineffective crime deterrent, sends the wrongRead MorePros And Cons Of Capital Punishment1303 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment: The Benefits and Downfalls Taylor M. Osborne Charleston Southern University Abstract The following essay explores the pros and cons of capital punishment. A brief history of how capital punishment was introduced into modern society is included. Various resources have been used for research which include online articles, studies, and textbook references. This paper suggests the costs of capital punishment to be very high, but brings closure and justice to families, and evenRead MorePersuasive Essay On The Death Penalty910 Words   |  4 Pageshistory of capital punishment, and why others believe it is okay. 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Earth Fault Relay Explained Elaborately †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Earth Fault Relay Explained Elaborately? Answer: Introduction The substations main purpose is to obtain power from the high voltage source that is from the power stations. In this scenario, the Berserker Substation is focussed. This report will highlight the equipment, design associated and also the redundancy and the protection relay will be showcased. Objective The Berserker Substation is constructed along with the equipment incorporated keeping in mind the following advantages it can provide- The primary objective of the substation is to acquire the power which flows at a high voltage from the stations where power is generated [2]. Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) technology reduces substation accommodation to seventy per cent. Switchgear which involves the circuit breakers and these circuit breakers are responsible for intervening the short-circuit current generated from the power stations. Surge arresters to safeguard the switchgear from over voltages happened due to lighting thus regulates the normal current flow [1]. Substation automation to protect, secure and control the electrical components. The construction work must be comparatively simpler and cheaper and must be flexible for an extension if required. Background or Network description The Berserker Substation along with its component design has been highlighted in this report (Refer to Appendix A). The major function of the substation is to acquire the power which flows at a high voltage from the stations where power is generated [3]. Synchronous condensers are installed within the substations to enhance the power factor and giving facilities to administer and monitor different parts of the power system. The substations can be elaborated according to the service prerequisites and design features. The service pre requisites include converting substations, transformer substations and switching substations. Transformer substations: These transformer substations are responsible for converting power from one voltage level to other. They can be further elaborated into distribution substations, step-up substations, secondary substations and primary grid sub stations [6]. The step-up substations generate about 11kV and that needs to be stepped up to the primary transmission voltage level of 220kV. The primary business stations are situated at the transmission lines' end and the primary voltage here drops down to secondary voltages of 66kV. The distribution sub stations are situated immediately to the consumer localities to distribute the power of 400V, three phases or single phase to the users. Switching substations: The switching substations generally switch the workings of power lines without converting the voltage. Various connections are generated in between the transmission lines. Converting substation: The converting substation is responsible for transforming AC to DC or vice versa [4]. The main substations components Isolator- When the current supply is interrupted, the isolator either makes connections or disconnects the circuit; the isolator is basically used to break the charging current of the transmission line. Lightning arrester- This component is used to protect the entire substation from the lighting fallout. CT Metering- This equipment basically measures and keep track of the current usage at the time when the secondary terminal [7]. Step down transformer- this device is used to convert the range of voltage current from high to low. Capacitor Bank- This device is generally used to enhance the power factor of the transmission line; it basically involves the series connection of the capacitor or else the parallel connection of the capacitor. Circuit Breaker- It basically restricts the excess flow of current. Earthing The substation requires proper earthing as it ensures that no potential threats occur in the substation, so while designing a substation three voltage must be kept in mind, they are- mesh voltage, touch voltage and step voltage [2]. Layout of the substation There are four varieties that guarantee the securities of current supply No modification is required for the maintenance of the substation Little modification is required to relocate the load to the alternate circuit. Loss of circuit due to lack of maintenance. Loss of substation as a whole due to lack of maintenance. Various Layouts There are various layouts for the substations, one is single busbar, and the other one is mesh substation, one and a half circuit breaker layout. Redundancy in Network design To diminish the power interruption, power grids are rapidly increasing day by day retrofitting substation system [1]. The retrofitting applications can be executed by the following two structures- centralised system architecture and decentralised system architecture. Decentralised management architecture mainly involves system redundancy and this redundancy can be achieved by multiple computer systems, where each computer system executes only one operating system and one application at a time. That means only one application and one operating system can be deployed in the physical server at a time. Centralised management architecture involves the deployment of multiple operating systems and multiple applications on a single physical structure. Here the server provides the virtualisation facility, here multiple operating system and multiple applications can be executed, so applications need not be isolated, also there is no chance of compatibility issue [4]. Secondly, the life of the legacy software applications can be prolonged or extended by Centralised management architecture. Use and Advantage The legacy power substation is upgraded with IEDs and then those IEDs are integrated with the substation. The task is not simple and can only be accomplished by effective management-system redundancy [6]. Retrofitting of the power substations can be achieved by the method. Protection Equipment Protection relays are responsible to detect the abnormal behaviours within the system, to check the faults within the system and directs more than one circuit breaker to explore and separate the faulty equipment and systems. Circuit breakers fail relay is responsible to connect electric equipment and circuits in an efficient way. They are opened or closed based on the command, they are basically opened to suspend or clear any fault within and they have been designed in such a way that it can make a minimal impact on the power system [3]. Multifunction relay is combined with the primary control system by configuring few input and output points to work in between the controller and relay. This relay helps in real time monitoring of the power system and detects the faults within the Power system. The faults are detected basically on the monitoring of the system and monitoring involves the couple channel monitoring, monitoring of speed, monitoring of light curtain and extension of the relay to enhance the number of output contacts. Neutral earth fault relay is responsible to detect the ground faults and it immediately interrupts the circuit based on the detection of ground faults. Thus the substations ground faults can be minimised [5]. Sensitive Earth fault relay also checks the earth fault or the ground fault within. It is basically used in the substation when the earth fault is set to significantly low value. Capacitor Bank consists of the three element s- unit fuse, element fuse and bank protection and this is also used to detect and mitigate the internal and external faults. Bus Differential relay in the substation is basically implemented to detect any faults on the busbar. It takes a huge lot of time to detect the fault and this bus-bar protection involves Kirchoff's current law [5]. Transformer Oil and Winding Trip relay are used to identify the temperature instantaneous temperature of the oil and windings, this can also detect the maximal rise of temperature of both oil and windings. These temperature indicators help to regulate the temperature of the substation. Protection (Overcurrent) relay setting and coordination Overcurrent Relay provides the earth fault protection. The Earth-fault Relay is utilised to secure the feeder opposing the faults which are correlated with the ground. The earth faults range from single line to ground whereas the double line ranges from double line to ground faults [8]. Here the single line to ground faults has been shown in the following diagram for the requirements of setting and coordination. The maximum financial current for the a-g fault can be provided by- Accordingly, it can be inferred that there can be notable variety in the earth fault current values. They can be even beneath the load current because of large impedance to ground. Consequently, to give protection, earth fault relays utilize zero sequence current across phase current for fault recognition [8]. The zero sequence segments are missing in load current or phase faults. Relay Co-ordination for Earth-fault Rela Fig 2: Simple Radial Distribution System (Source: [8] Fig 3: Phase and Earth Fault Relay Configuration (Source: [8]) Fig 4: Earth Fault Relay Coordination (Source: [8]) Relay R1 is responsible for giving protection to the earth fault at secondary side of 2.5MVA, 11/3.3kV transformer; R2 is responsible for giving protection at bus B. There are 2 CTs, one CT that is 200:5, is linked to instantaneous relay while the other one 500:5 is linked to inverse current relay. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discourse that the redundancy is beneficial for restricting power interruption and regulates normal flow of current whereas the protection relay is beneficial for securing the feeder and reducing the fault. The Earth-fault protection along with relay coordination for the earth-fault relay has been detailed. References [1] Zeynal, Hossein, Mostafa Eidiani, and Dariush Yazdanpanah. "Intelligent substation automation systems for robust operation of smart grids." InInnovative Smart Grid Technologies-Asia (ISGT Asia), 2014 IEEE, pp. 786-790. IEEE, 2014. [2] Mainali, Krishna, Awneesh Tripathi, Sachin Madhusoodhanan, Arun Kadavelugu, Dhaval Patel, Samir Hazra, Kamalesh Hatua, and Subhashish Bhattacharya. "A Transformerless Intelligent Power Substation: A three-phase SST enabled by a 15-kV SiC IGBT."IEEE Power Electronics Magazine2, no. 3 2015: 31-43. [3] Hao, W. A. N. G., Y. A. O. Jian, Xuan-ni LIN, and S. U. I. Hong. "Research of the Redundancy Technologies in the Communication Network for Distribution Automation."DEStech Transactions on Computer Science and Engineeringwcne 2016. [4] Ge, Xiongzi, Yi Liu, Chengtao Lu, Jim Diehl, David HC Du, Liang Zhang, and Jian Chen. "VNRE: Flexible and Efficient Acceleration for Network Redundancy Elimination." InParallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, 2016 IEEE International, pp. 83-92. IEEE, 2016. [5] Saleh, Khaled A., Ali Hooshyar, and Ehab F. El-Saadany. "Hybrid passive-overcurrent relay for detection of faults in low-voltage DC grids."IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid8, no. 3 2017: 1129-1138. [6] Stojanovi?, Zoran N., and Milenko B. Djuri?. "An accounting for directional earth-fault relay with no voltage inputs."Electric Power Systems Research96 2013: 144-149. [7] Davarpanah, Mahdi, Majid Sanaye-Pasand, and Reza Iravani. "Performance management of the transformer restricted earth fault relay."IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery28, no. 1 2013: 467-474. [8] NPTEL: Electrical Engineering - Power System Protection,Nptel.ac.in, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108101039/17. [Accessed: 12- Sep- 2017].